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Using SOAP header for authentication
Michel Fournier, December 1, 2001
The Microsoft SOAP client provides access to any Web Service. Once the object is instantiated and the location of the WSDL file given, you are ready to go to access any method. Thus, based on what is supported by the Web Service, you can query to obtain various types of content such as string and bo...
The Microsoft SOAP client provides access to any Web Service. Once the object is instantiated and the location of the WSDL file given, you are ready to go to access any method. Thus, based on what is supported by the Web Service, you can query to obtain various types of content such as string and boolean. Some existing Web Services require the user to authenticate against the server by the use of a local schema. Thus, in most cases, you will end up by having to pass the authentication parameters for every request combined with any other required parameters, if any, for the required method. This can be time and code consuming if you have a variety of methods available. Thus, by the same, the Web Service will have to negotiate with that for every request. So, additional parameters are received for each method and an extraction of those parameters is needed prior to proceed with the execution of the method. This article shows how to achieve that task by using a standard Login() method at first without having to worry about it for any other upcoming requests.

The main objective

The goal here is to avoid the redundant transmission of the authentication parameters for each request. Well, lets precise that we want to avoid the user to have to deal with that other than the initial call to the Login() method. Thus, by the same, we can simplify the process on the server application as well.

How it works?

The concept is to make use of a SOAP header class which can read specific parameters the server application can define in it. Thus, that becomes part of an HTTP header transmission. It is kind of similar to a HTTP cookie. We initially ask the user to authenticate to a Web site, the server application stores a cookie in the browser's memory and that is being transmitted to the Web server for every page access.

The server application, in such implementation, should refuse access to any method as long as the Login() method is not executed with success. The server application, as it is the case for a Web server application, is responsible to set up the authentication schema so whenever the user will send any other requests, the authentication parameters will be sent as well.

The SOAP client implementation should benefit of a binding to a SOAP header class in order to be compliant with that approach. Thus, just instantiating the SOAP client object and making a call will not be sufficient, in this case, to gain access to the available Web Service methods. In such implementations, the Web Service provider normally provides a basic code you can use to get started.

The Web Service

The Web Service should include a login method. We will call it Login(). That method receives a username and a password as the only two parameters. Base on the result of the authentication, it returns a boolean to represent its status. Here is a basic login method approach:

DEFINE CLASS WebService AS SESSION OLEPUBLIC

FUNCTION Login(tcUsername AS STRING,tcPassword AS STRING) AS BOOLEAN
LOCAL llResult
llResult=LoginAuthenticate()
RETURN llResult
ENDFUNC

ENDDEFINE

In order for the Web Service to be able to store the authentication schema in the SOAP header, we need to define SOAP header class. When a SOAP server class is bind to your Web Service, it can interact with its content. Thus, you can define a property in it which is sent to the SOAP client header class for every request. A simple DLL can be created on the server for such a need. That DLL benefits of the Microsoft SOAP client header handler. There is a basic structure we have to respect. Basically, we need to provide the basic methods to read and write to the header. The write method benefits of the Microsoft SOAP Serializer object to create the header as the first parameter following by the Web Service object as the second parameter. The read method benefits of the Microsoft XMLDomNode object as the first parameter to read the header followed by the Web Service object as the second parameter. Thus, when we create the header, the Web Service object is passed as one of the parameter. So, if we create a property in it which contains the user authentication, we can have the write method to create a structure which will contain a user property. As for the read method, it stores the user property value in the Web Service user property. So, when we get in the Web Service application, we already have access to that property value.

The following code describes the structure of the DLL which supports the creation of a User property in the SOAP header and the ability to read it for every request and store its value in the Web Service User property.

DEFINE CLASS ServerHeaderHandler AS Session OLEPUBLIC
Implements IHeaderHandler IN 'mssoap.soapclient'

* Read the login information
PROTECTED FUNCTION IHeaderHandler_readHeader(loHeaderNode As MSXML2.IXMLDOMNode,
 loObject As Object) AS Boolean
IF loHeaderNode.baseName<>'SessionInfo' OR
 loHeaderNode.namespaceURI<>'http://tempuri.org/SessionInfoHeader'
   RETURN .F.
ENDIF
loObject.cUser=loHeaderNode.selectSingleNode('User').Text
RETURN .T.
ENDFUNC

* Needed
PROTECTED FUNCTION IHeaderHandler_willWriteHeaders() AS Boolean
RETURN .T.
ENDFUNC

* Write the login information
* expC1 Login information
PROTECTED FUNCTION IHeaderHandler_writeHeaders(loSerializer As MSSOAPLib.ISoapSerializer,
 loObject As Object)
loSerializer.startHeaderElement('SessionInfo','http://tempuri.org/SessionInfoHeader')
loSerializer.startElement('User')
loSerializer.writeString(loObject.cUser)
loSerializer.endElement
loSerializer.endHeaderElement
ENDFUNC

ENDDEFINE
The Web Service should include a User property and have the Login() method to store the authentication value in that property if it is a success. Thus, the following code takes care of it in the Web Service:
DEFINE CLASS WebService AS SESSION OLEPUBLIC
cUser=''

FUNCTION Login(tcUsername AS STRING,tcPassword AS STRING) AS BOOLEAN
LOCAL llResult
llResult=LoginAuthenticate()
IF llResult
   This.cUser="My authentication"
ENDIF
RETURN llResult
ENDFUNC

ENDDEFINE
In order to have the SOAP header handler to interact with our Web Service, we need to bind it to it. That is normally achieve by updating the WSML file. If you look at it, you will find a <using PROGID line near the top of the file which identifies your Web Service class. We need to insert another <using PROGID line for the SOAP header handler. Then, we need to establish the relationship with our Web Service by updating the port name line which is just under. So, at first, when you look at your WSML file, you may obtain something like this:
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8' ?> 
 <!-- Generated 11/29/01 by Microsoft SOAP Toolkit WSDL File Generator, Version 1.01.707.0 --> 
<servicemapping name='UniversalThread'>
  <service name='UniversalThread'>
    <using PROGID='Web Service.WebService' cachable='0' ID='WebServiceObject' />
    <port name='WebServiceSoapPort'>
      <operation name='GetUserGroupMeeting'>
        <execute uses='WebServiceObject' method='GetUserGroupMeeting' dispID='25'>
          <parameter callIndex='-1' name='retval' elementName='Result' />
        </execute>
      </operation>
      <operation name='GetAvailablePosition'>
      ...
Once we apply the binding, we will obtain this:
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8' ?> 
 <!-- Generated 11/29/01 by Microsoft SOAP Toolkit WSDL File Generator, Version 1.01.707.0 --> 
<servicemapping name='UniversalThread'>
  <service name='UniversalThread'>
    <using PROGID='Web Service.WebService' cachable='0' ID='WebServiceObject' />
    <using PROGID='SessionInfo.ServerHeaderHandler' cachable='0' ID='ServerHeaderHandler' />
    <port name='WebServiceSoapPort' headerHandler="ServerHeaderHandler">
      <operation name='GetUserGroupMeeting'>
        <execute uses='WebServiceObject' method='GetUserGroupMeeting' dispID='25'>
          <parameter callIndex='-1' name='retval' elementName='Result' />
        </execute>
      </operation>
      <operation name='GetAvailablePosition'>
      ...

The SOAP client

So, at this point, you should have everything you need on the server side to handle the SOAP header. On the client side, we need to implement a compliant structure which returns the required header for each request. Lets see first what we need to do to initialize the SOAP client object to connect to our Web Service:

* Create the SOAP object
loUniversalThread=Createobject("mssoap.soapclient")
loUniversalThread.mssoapinit("http://www.universalthread.com/universalthread.wsdl")
At this point, you should be ok to call the Login() method. So, this line could do it:
llLogin=loUniversalThread.Login(lcUsername,lcPassword)
If the authentication is a success, a TRUE will be returned. However, calling any other method will fail as the Web Service is requiring the authentication to be in place in the SOAP header. So, as we do not have a binding on the client side, the required header is not sent. The Web Service will return a message stating that the authentication has failed.

So, a binding mecanism should be in place as well on the client to support a SOAP header class. The following code will do:

* This is the SOAP header handler class
* This should remain as is. If you change something in it, it won't work with the UT Web Service.
DEFINE CLASS ClientHeaderHandler AS Session OLEPUBLIC
Implements IHeaderHandler IN 'mssoap.soapclient'
cUser=''

* Read the login information
PROTECTED FUNCTION IHeaderHandler_readHeader(loHeaderNode As MSXML2.IXMLDOMNode,
 loObject As Object) AS Boolean
IF loHeaderNode.baseName<>'SessionInfo' OR
 loHeaderNode.namespaceURI<>'http://tempuri.org/SessionInfoHeader'
   RETURN .F.
ENDIF
This.cUser=loHeaderNode.selectSingleNode('User').Text
RETURN .T.
ENDFUNC

* Needed
PROTECTED FUNCTION IHeaderHandler_willWriteHeaders() AS Boolean
RETURN .T.
ENDFUNC

* Write the login information
* expC1 Login information
PROTECTED FUNCTION IHeaderHandler_writeHeaders(loSerializer As MSSOAPLib.ISoapSerializer,
 pObject As Object)
loSerializer.startHeaderElement('SessionInfo','http://tempuri.org/SessionInfoHeader')
loSerializer.startElement('User')
loSerializer.writeString(This.cUser)
loSerializer.endElement
loSerializer.endHeaderElement
ENDFUNC

ENDDEFINE

Authentication at the methods level

At this point, the SOAP client is sending the proper header to the Web Service. So, after the Login() has succeeded, the first request to any method will send the proper header. All is required now on the Web Service is to establish the standard authentication for every method request. This simple code can handle it:

FUNCTION GetMessage(tdDate AS Date) as STRING
IF NOT Authenticate(This.cUser)
   RETURN 'You need to authenticate prior to use any method.'
ENDIF
RETURN GetMessageFromUniversalThread(tdDate)
ENDFUNC

From now on

This article has described the use of the SOAP header class for the purpose of authentication. That can be used for other types of content. You can also define several other properties. So, as you can see, this is pretty simple. I have to say, as this is brand new, that the information required to put that in place was extremly difficult to find and to put it all together. I hope this article can shade some light on the topic and help you in that direction if you need it.

Michel Fournier, Level Extreme Inc.
Michel Fournier is a professional, visionary, perfectionist, mostly known for his renowned realizations over the years, designer, architect, owner of the « Level Extreme Platform », formerly known as the « Universal Thread », recognized as one of the longest running Web sites of the planet, also known as a precursor to social networking, product manager, Internet serial entrepreneur, practiced Lean Startup techniques long before they were known, out of the box thinker, using the tenth man rule, specializes in building entire virtual data center solutions, has provided high end IT consulting worldwide, has owned and operated three companies, delivered worldwide renowned e-commerce Web sites, designed and architected two world class top level development frameworks, wrote over 100 IT articles for various sources, presented at user groups, conventions and corporations nationwide as well as in the US, has provided his contribution in political and legal issues to provide a better world, Owner and Senior IT Consultant at Level Extreme Inc., former Architect Software/Application & Project Manager, 7 times Microsoft Most Valued Professional for VB.NET, 7 times Microsoft Most Valued Professional for Visual FoxPro, Developers Choice award for best site at VFP DevCon 2000 Connections in New Orleans, featured in Acadie Nouvelle on October 2003.
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