>Hi Cetin,
>
>Thanks for taking the time to post that example. I'm going to study it to learn what you're talking about.
>
>I really appreciate you taking the time to respond to my question in spite of your work load!
>
>Best regards,
>Malcolm

With valid owner is still the object valid belongs to. With lostfocus there is no owner. You can do whatever a valid can do and more what it can't do (like setfocus()).
Cetin