Not sure about Brit. English usage on this one, but in Americanese, the noun argument could be applied to a dispute ( possibly acrimonious ) or to the case a person makes in favor of a logical position. The verb to argue as a transitive verb would imply the second meaning of argue above and the intransitive the first.

"I argued with my wife when she did not accept my argument that man is not by nature meant to be monogamous not matter how cogently I argued my case." <s>

>>>I found your entire discussion on 'arguing' interesting. In my opinion, what you are aiming for is healthy discussion and healthy debate, not an argument. To me, an argument is a very heated debate which turns negative or personal (more like a 'dispute'). However, one can argue certain points in a discussion or debate. I know that technically an argument is a debate or discussion, but I'm accustomed to the word argument being used to really mean a dispute.
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>>Yes, in this case too there's probably a somewhat different perception between the native speakers and the others. This is what I found on Dictionary.com:
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>>Argue, Arguing
>>To put forth reasons for or against something: argued for dismissal of the case; argued against an immediate counterattack.
>>To engage in a quarrel; dispute.
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>>Argument stresses the advancement by each side of facts and reasons intended to persuade the other side: Emotions are seldom swayed by argument.
>>Dispute implies animosity: A dispute arose among union members about the terms of the new contract.
>>Controversy applies especially to major differences of opinion involving large groups of people: The use of nuclear power is the subject of widespread controversy.
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>>In Dutch too we have several words for several situations.
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>>To engage in argument - Argumenteren
>>To argue - Ruzieën
>>To debate - Debatteren
>>To have a dispute - Een meningsverschil hebben. Een dispuut hebben.
>>Controversy - Controversie
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>Well you've just pointed out that Dutch has the same nuances of the concept as we have, and pratcially the same words.
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>>A non-native speaker of Dutch can easily be misinterpreted when using one of those words in the wrong context, leading to problems. That is probably because the words tell something about the emotions too. For example, if A tells to B that C and D were arguing or argued, person B might think that C and D were having a quarrel. That's what you're saying, right?
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>It would be the same in English if someone said, "We have a good speaker at our disputing society tonight." :-)
>So the type of "argument" we'd all like to see on the UT is a "debate", not a slanging match.
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>>Here on the UT the border between arguing in the positive sense and arguing in the negative sense is sometimes really only one line thick. It can easily go from good to bad, but with the same ease back from bad to good.
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>No it can't!