Alan answered most of your questions but skipped the "what" of a couple of them.

5) That is a sacrifice bunt. The batter wants to put the ball down on the ground in a spot near the plate. He will almost surely be thrown out at first base but the runner(s) on base will advance into scoring position. Scoring position is defined as second or third base, where you will usually score on a single, the most common type of base hit. There are variations on this such as bunting for a hit, bunting a runner from second to third (where he can score on many plays other than a hit), and the suicide squeeze, but what you describe sounds like the ordinary sacrifice bunt.

7) That is an intentional walk. Sometimes it is done because you would rather face the next batter than take your chances with the guy at the plate. (There are many reasons to do so but let's keep it simple). Other times it is done with first base open and a runner on second to create a double play opportunity.

I was cheering for the Rockies simply because they had never won before and I like the city of Denver. The last three games were close but all most people are going to remember is that they got swept. I bet the TV ratings were truly atrocious.