Dr Math is a forum hosted by Drexel University but has participants from all over the U.S..

So forget Dr Math. Your interpretation is the common programming language one, not mathematics. In mathematics, if there are no parenthesis to specify, exponentiation takes precedence over unary. That is from the math books, not any programming language.

-2^2 written is by order of precedence:

-(2^2) = -4 *mathematics
or
(-2) ^2 = 4 *some programming languages which matches your interpretation

I still stand by -2^2 = -(2^2) = -4 by the mathematics order of precendence because no parenthesis were used to specify otherwise. Your interpretation is incorrect.

So be it. I am as stubborn as you until some reliable mathematics source contradicts my mathematics books I have here. :o) It is the same in my daugther's study guides for the SAT as well.

:o)






>Tracy,
>
>If -2^2 is read as anything other then "raise negative two to the second power" it is wrong. There are two operands and one operation in the phrase. Operand1: negative two (written as -2), Operand2: 2, Operation: exponentiation.
>
>I don't have control over any of the programming languages that interpret that as "negate two to the second power" they have implemented an incorrect algebraic parser if they do.
>
>If they give a different result than they give for -2 * -2 they are wrong.
>
>>>>Alan,
>>>>
>>>>It takes precedence because it does. I'm not making this up. Whether or not anyone can find alternate authorities as proof doesn't matter to me. I'm not going to wade through all of the crap sources on the internet that proclaim that -2 squared is -4. They are flatly wrong.
>>>
>>>I have spent some time on the google path finding all sorts of conflicting information about the precedence of unary signs, but it still comes down to the simple fact that -2 squared is 4
>>>not -4. Makes no difference what the precedence of the operations are -2 * -2 is 4 and I woudl therefore conclude that -2^3 is -8 as it is -2 * -2 = 4 * -2 = -8.
>>
>>I don't think it does. The question isn't what is negative 2 squared, the question is whether -2^2 written is by order of precedence:
>>
>>-(2^2) = -4 *mathematics
>>or
>>(-2) ^2 = 4 *some programming languages
>>
>>only because it was initially written without parenthesis.
>>
>>Just to stir the pot some more :o)