It just dawned on my that that statement is 100% correct. However, it doesn't necessarily have to have been moving to the different cycles of .net. It could have been java or anything else....the two developers don't even have to have originated as VFP developers, but any developers using a tool and sitting in a position of only ever using that tool and then using it at it's basic level...(unless they are one of those fortunate folks who just learn new concepts easily -- but those folks usually are doing just that -- learning all the time -- be it a new tool or a new language or something) I agree with your elaboration and your other message to me...and to clarify, it doesn't have to be the latest version of .NET. I was using that as an example, but you're right.