The problem with this scenario is that it would never happen. Under Jewish law, the doctor would not only be permitted to treat the patient, but required to do so. Virtually every rule can be thrown out in order to save a life. The principle is called "pikuach nefesh" (pee-COO-ahkh NEH-fesh) and it means "preservation of life."
The same principle means that anyone whose health would be harmed by fasting on Yom Kippur is not only permitted not to fast, but required not to fast.
Judaism is a really pragmatic religion. I've actually asked several Jewish people that question and you're the first to give any kind of meaningful response. Thanks.
And while I don't belong to any religion, when I was in my 20's I read some books on Judaism and found it to be one I could relate to. In particular, the viewpoints on original sin and the relationship between the mother and children (as opposed to other religions). So in many areas, yes, I found it to be one that someone could follow "on earth".