>>That is a different issue from the one I was referring to. But anyway, re the "culprits in Syria" - who are they again?

Fair question. The direct cause of displacement seems to be the ISIL offensives from the North that they control, which the UN says has caused displacement of hundreds of thousands of people.

FWIW, apparently the US is conducting drone strikes targeting senior ISIL figures. That's one way to quietly strangle an undesirable. Alternatively, perhaps a bribe of (say) $500M German money also might lead to a result and could save the German taxpayer a billion or two. Ideally the official government also needs to go- though recent experience with displacing foreign governments didn't turn out so well. Might be a case of gritting teeth, supporting government and then paying for or otherwise incentivizing change. Except that supporting unpopular governments also hasn't gone so well. Hmm.