Hi Mike,

I asked because I understood that you worked with a leading microbiologist (medical doctor I presume) who was conducting studies on liver flushes, which usually are a naturopathic remedy.

Did a paper result? Just fwiw, the FDA agrees that epsom salts can assist constipation but comes down hard across the border if you claim that epsom salts can flush liver or dilate cystic ducts. They regard that as unsubstantiated claim of therapeutic benefit from dietary supplement, which is not permitted. So if there's a paper, lets get it to the FDA. Despite popular rhetoric from some quarters, doctors would be delighted if biliary colic had a scientifically validated more accessible treatment.

Just a head's up that stomach pH usually is lower (more acid) than lemon juice and all evidence is that it's fat that causes bile release, not lemon juice despite lots of other positive benefits recorded for it. Olive oil presumably could provoke release in sufficient quantity, though medical advice is to reduce dietary fat as this is shown to reduce biliary colic.