If I may, Paul, can I further impose upon your knowledge. The first question is: When an object is created, does VFP actually load it into memory or does it just load references into memory? Second, when a nonvisible object is a descendant of another nonvisual object what gets loaded into memory when the descendant is insubstantiated? I am struggling with whether I should create one set of fairly large objects or several famlies of objects which individually are smaller. Thank you for your help.