The INNER JOIN (which is default) is exactly the same as WHERE with "=" conditions.

The records without matches are extracted in the result only if an outer join is used.

Vlad

>You should be aware that joining with the where clause can lose records you intended to keep if a match is not found in the joined table. The join clause doesn't have this effect, and puts null in the fields of records without matches. Theoretically all our databases are normalised, but that's not always the case. I'm not sure which is the correct outcome in sql-92, but keep it in mind.