>I could be way off base here, but I don't consider this denormalization at all. Denormalization is when the same piece of information is stored in two places. IN the example you showed, the effective rate for the call, and the current rate are not the same piece of information, but two distinctly different concepts. If the values can vary independently, you have not denormalized, you have only created as many fields as you need to accurately reflect the state of things.

Erik,

Execellent, and you have NORMALIZED the database.