>My decision to use surrogates is based o the writings of Codd, but my commitment to using them is based on empirical experience or how well they work and how few problems they present.

I use them almost exclusively as well. The only time I don't is when there is a simple primary key that I can quarantee that is never modified. I just like it when we broaden our discussions to include alternative technologies.

I definitely don't want to use CODASYL.