>In case you're wondering, a modeless Form created in the context of a procedure, method or function without the LINKED clause continues to exist because an object reference to it is implicitly created in the _Screen.Forms collection; have I omitted any circumstances that might otherwise be significant here?

Not off the top of my head.

I only replied in case a less-informed programmer out there read your message and decided to build all his functions to alter only PUBLIC or previously created PRIVATE variables and parameter passed by reference.

I hope you didn't take it as more than that.

Joe