It doesn't matter if the record is deleted or not. Again, from Date (italics his):

"...it is sufficient to say that the term "tupple" corresponds approximately to the notion of a flat record instance."

Can you show me where Codd or Date explicitly stated that a record is a non-deleted tupple?

>
>I've read the book, and I fully agree to this statement. The thing I disagree with is that a record is a tuple. IT IS NOT ! See my latest message to Jim,
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>A Tuple is a NON-deleted record. In the relational model there is no concept of DELETED TUPLES...
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>If a tuple is deleted it's PK value is gone, So if a record is deleted it's PK value should be gone........
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>Walter,