Bill,

>>My tests indicate that it is by about 2.5 times (roughly). Some of this may be attributable to something I found out back in FPW 2.6. I haven't tested to see if it still applies. Using variables rather than literals can (or at least used to) improve performance of a query. Since .T. is a literal, and you're removing it, this may also apply.
>
>Variables are faster than literals?!? Wow! That surprises me.

Take with a rather large grain of salt. Remember, I haven't tested this since 2.6, so it may have changed. Further, as I recall the difference was miniscule.

>>I also think statements like...WHERE table.logicalfield = .T. are redundant, and, therefore, unnecessary. So even if there was not a performance difference, I'd code it this way anyway.
>
>I agree, sort of. <g> For 'if', 'for', 'while', i.e. VFP statements, I skip the operators on logicals. But for SQL I include it. Except for writing one SQL statement that can easily be converted to the back-end, I don't have another good reason for the discrepency. <g>