>>>>>Our high holiday prayer book likes the dates of Rosh Hashanah for a 20-year period or so. We have older and newer prayer books around, so I can probably produce a list from sometime in the 70's until sometime in the 20's. If you want, I can send you a list and you can see whether there's a correlation.
>>>>>
>>>>Please, I'd be very interested in seeing it.
>>>
>>>Got time this evening to type these in. Sorry for the length of the message, but I wanted to give you something that you can pop in text file and import into a table. (In fact, seeing the whole list this way has me inclined to play with it, too.) For Yom Kippur, add 9 to the date here.
>>Tamar, George,
>>
>>If you're interested, I may try to find an algorithm to calculate Rosh Hashanah and others Jewish Holidays. My husband wrote this program while ago in Pascal..
>
>Please do, Nadya. Posting (or emailing) it in Pascal is fine. I'm quite familar with the language. I'd be interested in seeing what, if any, similarities there are between it and my algorithm for Easter.
George,
I already sent you the program I mentioned by e-mail, but I post it here in case somebody else is interested too. My husband translated most of unreadable Russian symbols into English (not all of them) and wrote some comments.
==============================================================
{-----------------------------------------------------
This algorithm is based on the Gauss formula for a date of Passover.
When the Passover date is known for two consecutive years,
it is possible to determine a length of the Hebrew year.
When the length of Hebrew year is known (there are 6 options),
it is possible to determine how many days does each month of
the Hebrew year have (and is there Adar-2 inserted).
(Heshvan, Kislew and Adar can have either 29 or 30 days.)
When date of Passover is known for a given year and length of each
month is known it is easy to calculate everything else.
Sorry, it was originally in Russian for DOS,
I tryed to translate most Russian input/output.
The program was originally intended to convert hebrew dates in
ancient manuscripts and tombstone inscriptions into
Gregorian days, but it can be modified for other purposes,
the important part is this Passover date calculation.
Historians even today use tables, and there were rumors (for example see Gershom Sholem's book on Shabbetai Zvi), that the tables can have mistakes, because in some cases days of the week in manuscripts do not agree with what they have according to the table.
I tested this program on many test examples, it worked well.
In Russia before 1917 and in Europe before 1400s-1700s (different for each country) the
Julian calendar was in use, which is different for leap years:
1900, 1800, 1700, (but not 2000 and 1600) 1500, 1400 are regular years in Gregorian but not in Julian!!
- M.N.
}
program hebc (input, output);
uses crt;
var hy, pas, rh, gr, lgy, mm , dd, gdd, gmm, mc, dayh, dayg: integer;
ch:char;
gm: array[1..12] of integer;
hm: array[1..13] of integer;
mon: array[1..12] of string;
monh:array[1..13] of string;
week:array[0..6] of string;
{-----------------------------------------------------
}
procedure inst;
begin
clrscr;
textbackground(1); textcolor(14);
for mc:=1 to 26 do writeln(' ');
gotoxy(1,1);
writeln(' Hebcal (c) 1995, M. Nosonovsky');
gotoxy(1,7);
end;
{-----------------------------------------------------
Playing some music
}
procedure music;
begin
sound(523); delay(600); nosound; delay(230);
sound(523); delay(600); nosound; delay(230);
sound(659); delay(300); nosound;
sound(554); delay(300); nosound;
sound(523); delay(300); nosound;
sound(659); delay(300); nosound; delay(230);
sound(659); delay(600); nosound; delay(230);
sound(784); delay(300); nosound;
sound(698); delay(300); nosound;
sound(659); delay(300); nosound;
sound(698); delay(300); nosound; delay(230);
sound(698); delay(600); nosound; delay(230);
sound(831); delay(300); nosound;
sound(784); delay(300); nosound;
sound(698); delay(300); nosound;
sound(659); delay(300); nosound; delay(230);
sound(554); delay(300); nosound;
sound(554); delay(300); nosound;
sound(523); delay(600); nosound;
end;
{-----------------------------------------------------
Initialization
gm[12] number of days in the Gregorian months (by default February
has 28 days)
gh[13] number of days for Hebrew year, by default
Heshwan=29, Kislev=30, Adar=29, Adar2=0.
mon[12] names of Grigorian months
monh[13] names of Hebrew months
week[7] names of weekdays
}
procedure inic;
begin
gm[1] :=31; gm[2] :=28; gm[3] :=31; gm[4] :=30;
gm[5] :=31; gm[6] :=30; gm[7] :=31; gm[8] :=31;
gm[9] :=30; gm[10]:=31; gm[11]:=30; gm[12]:=31;
hm[1] :=30; hm[2] :=29; hm[3] :=30; hm[4] :=29;
hm[5] :=30; hm[6] :=29; hm[7] :=0; hm[8] :=30;
hm[9] :=29; hm[10]:=30; hm[11]:=29; hm[12]:=30;
hm[13] :=29;
mon[1]:=' Jan'; mon[2]:=' Feb'; mon[3]:='Mar';
mon[4]:=' Aprš'; mon[5]:=' May '; mon[6]:=' Jun ';
mon[7]:=' Jul'; mon[8]:=' Augš';mon[9]:='Sep ';
mon[10]:=' Oct';mon[11]:='Nov ';mon[12]:=' Dec';
week[2]:=' Monday';week[3]:=' Tuesday'; week[4]:=' Wedensday';
week[5]:=' Thursday';week[6]:=' Fridayš'; week[0]:=' Saturday';
week[1]:=' Sunday';
monh[1]:=' Tishre';monh[2]:=' Heshvan';monh[3]:=' Kislev';
monh[4]:=' Tevet'; monh[5]:=' Shvat'; monh[6]:=' Adar';
monh[7]:=' Adar - 2'; monh[8]:=' Nisan'; monh[9]:=' Iyyar';
monh[10]:=' Sivan'; monh[11]:=' Tammuz'; monh[12]:=' Av'; monh[13]:=' Elul';
end;
{-----------------------------------------------------
Calculates day of week for given Gregorian year, month, day of months
}
function dw(yw, mw, dww :integer) :integer;
var jj, ce, dod :integer;
begin
if mw<3 then begin
yw:=yw-1; mw:=mw+12 end;
ce:=yw div 100;
jj:=yw mod 100;
dod:=dww+(26*mw+26) div 10+jj+jj div 4 +ce div 4 -2*ce;
dw:=dod mod 7
end;
{-----------------------------------------------------}
procedure ddd; forward;
{-----------------------------------------------------}
procedure prhy;
var
lhy, p1, p2: integer;
{-----------------------------------------------------
Calculates the date of Passover for a given Hebrew year
}
function passov (hyear :integer):integer;
var c, mm, b, gy, cent, d, pass :integer;
hy1, a, br, mmm, m : real;
begin
{Basically, it calculates astronomically the date
of spring's full moon, then doing some adjustments,
because the Passover can be only during certain days of the week.}
hy1 := hyear;
a := (12*hy1+17);
a := 19*(a/19-trunc(a/19));
b := hyear mod 4;
br := b;
{Precision is very important here!!!)
mmm := 32.0440933+1.5542418*a+0.25*br-0.00317779*hy;
mm := trunc(mmm);
m := mmm-mm;
c := (mm+3*hyear+5*b+5) mod 7;
case c of
0: if (a>11) and (m>0.63287037) then pass := mm+1
else pass := mm;
1: if (a>b) and (m>0.63287037) then pass := mm+2
else pass := mm;
2, 4, 6 : pass := mm+1;
3, 5 : pass := mm
end;
gy := hyear-3760;
cent := gy div 100;
d := cent - 2 - (cent div 4);
passov := pass+d {this is only number of day in the Greg year,
not day and month}
{I belive this parameter d makes
difference between Gregorian and Julian}
end{of funtion passov};
{-----------------------------------------------------}
begin{of prhy}
p1:=passov(hy);
p2:=passov(hy-1);
rh:=p2+163;
{length of Hebrew year is equal to a distance between two Passovers + length
of Gregorian year}
lhy:=p1-p2+lgy;
{There are 6 possible options
Depending on them some months will have different
number of days}
case lhy of
353: begin hm[2]:=29; hm[3]:=29; hm[6]:=29; hm[7]:=0 end;
354: begin hm[2]:=29; hm[3]:=30; hm[6]:=29; hm[7]:=0 end;
355: begin hm[2]:=30; hm[3]:=30; hm[6]:=29; hm[7]:=0 end;
383: begin hm[2]:=29; hm[3]:=29; hm[6]:=30; hm[7]:=29 end;
384: begin hm[2]:=29; hm[3]:=30; hm[6]:=30; hm[7]:=29 end;
385: begin hm[2]:=30; hm[3]:=30; hm[6]:=30; hm[7]:=29 end;
else writeln(' error lhy=',lhy)
end;
end;
{-----------------------------------------------------
This is just i/o, ignore it it's in Russian}
procedure dat;
begin{of dat}
gotoxy(1,8);
writeln(' Ž…„…‹…ˆ… „€’›');
gotoxy(1,10);
write(' ‚¢¥¤¨â¥ ¥¢à¥¿áª¨¿ £®¤: ');
read(hy);
repeat
gotoxy(1,11);
clreol;
write(' ‚¢¥¤¨â¥ ¬¥áïæ (àãá᪨¬¨ ¡ãª¢š¬¨):');
ch:=readkey;
case ch of
'[','{','å','•' : mm:=2;
'r','R','Š','ª' : mm:=3;
'i','I','˜','è' : mm:=5;
'y','Y','','­' : mm:=8;
'b','B','ˆ','¨' : mm:=9;
'c','C','á','‘' : mm:=10;
'"', chr(39),'í','' : mm:=13;
else begin
if (ch='n') or (ch='N') or (ch='â') or (ch='’') then begin
write('’'); ch:=readkey;
case ch of
'b','B','¨','ˆ' : mm:=1;
't','T','¥','…' : mm:=4;
'f','F','€','š' : mm:=11
end;
end;
if (ch='f') or (ch='F') or (ch='€') or (ch='š') then begin
write('€'); ch:=readkey;
if (ch='d') or (ch='D') or (ch='‚') or (ch='¢')
then mm:=12;
if (ch='l') or (ch='L') or (ch='¤') or (ch='„')
then mm:=6;
end;
end
end{ of case};
gotoxy(1,11);
clreol;
write(' ',monh[mm]);
if mm=6 then begin
write(' ( 1 / 2) ? ');
ch:=readkey;
if ch='2' then begin mm:=7; write(' š¤šà ¢â®à®¿'); end
else write(' š¤šà ¯¥à¢ë¿');
end;
writeln(' ');
gotoxy(1,24);
writeln('„«ï ¨§¬¥­¥­¨ï ¬¥áïæš ­š¦¬¨â¥ "Q", ¤«ï ¯à®¤®«¦¥­¨ï - «î¡ãî ª«š¢¨èã');
ch:=readkey;
gotoxy(1,24); clreol;
until (ch<>'q') and (ch<>'Q');
gotoxy(1,13);
clreol; gotoxy(1,12);
write(' ‚¢¥¤¨â¥ ¤¥­ì ¬¥áïæš:');
read(dd);
ddd;
prhy;
ddd;
writeln(' '); writeln(' ');
writeln(' ',gdd,' ', mon[gmm],' ',gr, ' £®¤š, ', week[dw(gr,gmm,gdd)]);
end;
{-----------------------------------------------------}
procedure ddd;
begin
{For a given hebrew year (hy) it calculates Greg. year (gr),
length of Greg year (lgy) and modifies number of days for February}
gr:=hy-3760;
if ((gr mod 4)=0) and ((gr mod 100) <> 0) or (((gr div 100) mod 4) =0) and ((gr mod 100)=0)
then begin lgy:=366; gm[2]:=29 end
else begin lgy:=365; gm[2]:=28 end;
dayh:=dd;
{now, when everything is known it just uses the arrays gm, hm to calculate a gregorian date corresponding to the hebrew date}
for mc:=1 to mm-1 do dayh:=dayh+hm[mc];
dayg:=dayh+rh-1;
if dayg<307 then begin
mc:=3;
gr:=gr-1
end
else begin
dayg:=dayg-306;
mc:=1 end;
gdd:=dayg;
repeat begin
{ write(' mc=',mc,' gdd=',gdd,' gm[mc]=',gm[mc]);}
gdd:=gdd-gm[mc]; mc:=mc+1 end
until gdd<=0;
gmm:=mc-1;
gdd:=gdd+gm[gmm];
{ writeln(' year-',gr, ' month-', gmm,' day of month-', gdd);}
end;
{-----------------------------------------------------
Some drawings on the screen and calculation of gregorian dates for some fixed hebrew dates, namely for holidays, for a given year just ignore it please!!!
}
procedure calen;
begin
gotoxy(1,6);
write(' ‚¢¥¤¨â¥ £®¤ ®â ‘®â¢®à¥­¨ï Œ¨àš:');
read(hy);
gr:=hy-3760;
mm:=1; dd:=1; ddd;
prhy;
gotoxy(1,3);
gr:=hy-3760;
writeln('________________________________________________________________________________');
writeln(' Šš«¥­¤šàì ­š ',hy,' (',gr-1,'/',gr,') £®¤.');
writeln(' ______________________________________________');
mm:=1; dd:=1; ddd;
writeln(' ®è ha-˜š­š ',gdd,mon[gmm]);
dd:=10; ddd;
writeln(' ‰®¬ Š¨¯¯ãà ',gdd,mon[gmm]);
dd:=15; ddd;
writeln(' ‘㪪®â ',gdd,mon[gmm]);
dd:=23; ddd;
writeln(' ‘¨¬åšâ ’®àš ',gdd,mon[gmm]);
mm:=3;dd:=25; ddd;
writeln(' •š­ãªš ',gdd,mon[gmm]);
mm:=5;dd:=15; ddd;
writeln(' ’ã ¡¨-˜¢šâ ',gdd,mon[gmm]);
if hm[7]=0 then mm:=6
else mm:=7;
dd:=14;ddd;
writeln(' ãਬ ',gdd,mon[gmm]);
mm:=8; dd:=15; ddd;
writeln(' ¥ášå ',gdd,mon[gmm]);
if hy>5707 then begin dd:=27; ddd;
writeln(' „¥­ì Ššâšáâà®äë ',gdd,mon[gmm]) ;
mm:=9; dd:=4; ddd;
writeln(' „¥­ì ¥§š¢¨á¨¬®á⨠',gdd, mon[gmm]) end;
mm:=9;dd:=18; ddd;
writeln(' ‹š£ ¡š-Ž¬¥à ',gdd, mon[gmm]);
mm:=10; dd:=6; ddd;
writeln(' ˜š¢ã®â ',gdd, mon[gmm]);
mm:=12; dd:=9; ddd;
if dw(gr,gmm,gdd)=0 then if gdd<gm[gmm] then gdd:=gdd+1
else begin gmm:=gmm+1; gdd:=1 end;
writeln(' „¥¢ï⮥ €¢š (¯®áâ) ',gdd, mon[gmm]);
end;
begin{ of programme}
inst;
inic;
gotoxy(3,4);
writeln(' à®£àš¬¬š HebCal ¬®¦¥â àš¡®âšâì ¢ ¤¢ãå ०¨¬šå: ');
writeln(' ०¨¬ „€’€, â.¥. ¯¥à¥¢®¤ ¤šâë ¥¢à¥¿áª®£® ªš«¥­¤šàï ¢ ¤šâã ');
writeln(' ¯® £à¨£®à¨š­áª®¬ã ªš«¥­¤šàî');
writeln(' ¨ ०¨¬ Š€‹…„€œ, â.¥. ®¯à¥¤¥«¥­¨¥ ¤šâ ®á­®¢­ëå ¯àš§¤­¨ª®¢');
writeln(' ¢ §š¤š­­®¬ £®¤ã.');
writeln(' ');
music;
repeat
gotoxy(3,10);
writeln(' ‚ë¡¥à¨â¥, ¯®¦š«ã¿áâš, ०¨¬ àš¡®âë ( „ / Š )');
ch:=readkey;
for mc:=3 to 10 do begin
gotoxy(1,mc);
clreol;
end;
if (ch='k') or (ch='K') or (ch='ª') or (ch='r') or (ch='R')
then calen
else dat;
gotoxy(40,23);
write(' „«ï ¢ë室š ­š¦¬¨â¥ ª«š¢¨èã "Q"');
ch:=readkey;
for mc:=3 to 25 do begin
gotoxy(1,mc); clreol; end;
until (ch='q')or(ch='Q')or(ch='¿')or(ch='‰');
clrscr;
gotoxy(5,24);
writeln(' „®¯®«­¨â¥«ì­šï ¨­ä®à¬šæ¨ï ® ¯à®£àš¬¬¥ ᮤ¥à¦¨âáï ¢ äš¿«¥ HEBCAL\readme');
music;
end.
ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ Let me know, if you find this useful.
If it's not broken, fix it until it is.
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