Level II branding changes a few bits that control the pseudo random number generator that drives VFP's obfuscation scheme (XOR with a pseudo-random byte stream). You should be able to see the changed parameters if you diff a branded runtime DLL against an unbranded one.

Thus, to decompile such an APP a cracker would need the branded runtime DLL in order to extract the modified PRNG parameters. OTOH the total entropy is about 40 bits or less, so brute-forcing the parameters takes less than a minute on a P3 class machine. May be less hassle than trying to locate both the branded runtime and a matching unbranded version, and then to find out where exactly the parameters are stored in that version of the runtime.