>>Wrong... this is OOP. You should say "I'll do that at my base class level and forget about the problem forever". So tomorrow find your oApp.Flush method and check its plumbing.
>
>Should the base class be renamed pOOP ??

For PhysicalDevice Classes, yes, I think so.
pOOP classes becomce general just as well. It will be the Put for physical output. It routes to pSWALLOW (optional), pSTUFFIT (obligatory) and similar.