>>Europa is the moon that turned into an evolving planet in the 2001/2010: A Space Odyssey movies. NASA is currently considering sending probes there to learn more about it. I'm hoping, and assuming, that most people do not have such a negative view on things as you. Thanks for your support Al.
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>So far, I find all the information obtained from Jupiter's moons - whether Europa or others - fascinating.

Hilmar;

When I was a child my grandfather gave me an encyclopedia printed in 1888. My grandfather was born 1890. The book was given to him by his parents and has the family names inside. As I recall the book describes the 9 planets in detail. But you say Pluto was not discovered until 1930? Why 9 planets? The book describes the planet Vulcan, which was thought to be between Mercury and the Sun but “fell into the Sun”.

It is interesting how our knowledge is updated as new discoveries are made. Our thinking may be ingrained to that which we learned as a child or young adult. It is perhaps difficult to accept new theories or concepts about things “we believe are true” and easier to learn new things.

An activity I began at age ten was to compare non-fiction books about historic events. I began reading five books on one topic each one from a different country. Perspectives were so different about the same event. Encyclopedias also viewed the same subject differently and anything to do with numbers was most obviously different.

I like to argue from different perspectives and enjoy doing so. My attitude is to take all information with a sense of humor. It may be incorrect, biased, or about to change.

One week after graduating from engineering college all electronic and physics terms that were from the United States were changed to European terms. I was already “obsolete” and only 7 days after graduation! No more “cycles per second”. Now it is “Hertz per second”. "That Hertz”!

What is one “Hertz”? Why it is one Cycle - An alternation from positive to negative through zero over a given period. Well at least I know who Hertz was and what he did and when. History has taught me a few things. Like believe what you will as any author has done. Your view point is just as valid as anyone else’s.

Tom