>>Add to that the concept of zero.
>
>Absolutely -

Not sure - absolute zero is not a concept, it's a physical phenomenon :).

Another word that surprised me to have come from Arabic is admiral, from "amir".

And word algebra comes from the title of Mohammad al-Horezmi's "al gebr al mukabala" - "about moving from one side to another" (of equal sign).

And another piece of science trivia: the word zenith comes from Arabic zemt - where the guy who copied the Latin transcription spotted a little blot above the "m" and thought it was a "ni" :).