>back in the stone age (FPD), I had an application (standalone exe) of about 2.5MB that was running on a customer's pcxt with 512K of ram... ?? How could something larger than 512 be loaded in one piece? We used to have to build our C/Pascal apps in modules to avoid the limit back in those days...You had a memory/swapping manager running? [ ...and GMRider added: ] Nope! The standalone exe that FP built had everything (literally!) bound into the file itself and managed the computer's memory by beating the stuffing out of the hard drive (or network) by swapping in and out needed parts. Notice, it did NOT run very fast or efficiently - but it DID execute. We used it for automatic generation of warehouse reports and some other printing. Trust me - having RAM like we do today is a real good thing, but those wizards at Fox Software had some really cool technology - gee, wonder if that is why Microsoft scarfed them up?