>OK...there is a fair interpretation on your part. Now, how is the pledge counter to the Establishment Clause?
I'm not sure I care.
>The question is, which framers am I referring to?
I'm thinking either framers of the constitution or the pledge. Which?
>It can be relevant. I happen to think the framers did intend an abstract reference to God.
If you're talking about Jefferson and company, yes. Very abstract. However, given the fact that the framers (largely deist) did not believe in an omincient being overseeing and interacting with human affairs, I'm fairly sure they would have objected to such an amendment to the pledge.
If you're talking about the framers of the pledge, you must be talking about those who amended the pledge in 1954 to include a reference to God. I think Eisenhower (who signed the change into law) was pretty clear about its purpose there:
"the dedication of our nation and our people to the Almighty"
http://www.csmonitor.com/2002/0628/p04s02-usju.htmlBelief in the Almighty is a fairly concrete, and not accurate with respect to non-monotheists.
